Generations of antibiotic

Salam alaik..

Hari2 terakhir posting fasa pertama..

Heheh, aku posting ade banyak fasa..

Panjang umur, murah rezki nak posting kat KK atau GH pula lepas ni..

Semoga boleh harap-harapnya..

Tadi, ade customer mintak penicillin...

Aku rase tak pernah nampak ade penicillin kat farmasi tu.

So instead of penicillin, lepas tanya staff,

aku decide bagi polymicin..

Sebab pt. nak ubat sapu kat kaki..

2 ubat dalam kategori yg sama..

antibiotics.

jadi boleh bagi...

Dan lepas refer seorang staff yang super duper senior,

Dia cerita pasal generation of antibiotics...

New knowledge for me Alhamdulillah

Bisikan2 dalaman hati "how come he knows more and i know little" kita tak yah cerita la ye

Kita tolak tepi

Macam Yana selalu pesan

"Positif !"

Yea... hidup perlu positif...

"Kalau harini kita tak belajar, bila lagi dak?" macam bunyi ayat Ika n Tkah.

Alhamdulillah

Dengan kata2 nya yang humble

"Saya tak belajar farmasi... tapi ni yang encik 'pharmacist' bagitahu saya, antibiotik banyak generation, penicillin tu first... amoxicillin kedua... "

Dia pernah belajar multimedia, tapi ilmu tentang ubat dia, superb

Yang selalu bagi kaunseling, dia lah. Mantap

Besar ilmu dan hikmah yang aku terima

Aku dengar

teliti dan khusyuk

Dalam otak duk fikir..

"homework balik nanti~"

Dan setelah selesai brief lecture

Dengan semangat baru

Aku nak cari lagi pasal generasi2 antibiotik ni..

(Antibiotik pun ada generasi ye.. x sangka.. hehe)

Di sini ade catatan ringkas.. amik dari sumber ini (kt bahagian komen..)

First-Generation

• penicillin G and penicillin V
• have a narrow spectrum of clinical use (this means there are only a few organisms that they are able to successfully treat with this class of penicillin)
• good for common gram-positive bacteria that cause ear and throat infections, venereal diseases of gonorrhea and syphilis, and staph infections due to Staphylococcus aureusthat cause abscesses, endocarditis and pneumonia
• a very high number of the drugs in this group are resistant to organisms that produce penicillinase [Penicillinase is an enzyme that some bacteria are capable of producing. This enzyme is also called a beta-lactamase and it inactivates some of the penicillins.]

Second-Generation

• ampicillin, amoxicillin
• have an extended or broad spectrum of clinical use
• work equally as well as penicillin G class plus effective against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae which are associated with urinary, respiratory and ear infections
• all drugs in this class can be taken orally as they are well-absorbed from the GI tract. Patients will get higher plasma levels of amoxicillin than with ampicillin, so amoxicillin is more frequently ordered
• ampicillin can also be given IM or IV
• not very effective against penicillinase-producing organisms

Third-Generation

• carbenicillin and ticarcillin
• carbenicillin can be given orally; ticarcillin is given IM or IV
• broader spectrum of use than the second-generation penicillins
• used in the treatment of serious urinary, respiratory and bacteremic infections due to gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris
• not resistant to penicillinase-producing organisms

Fourth-Generation

• mezlocillin sodium, piperacillin
• more potent than the other three classes
• given IM or IV
• have less sodium salt in them than the other penicillins so if a patient has congestive heart failure and needs restricted sodium intake this may be a reason for the doctor choosing one of these penicillins for them
• used for serious infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacteroides fragilis in combination with other antibiotics
• not resistant to penicillinase-producing organisms

But indeed

Kalau nak faham betul-betul

Kena revised from penicillin, B-Lactamase, Gram Negative, Cephalosporin and so on

Kasi neuron regang sikit cuti2 ni, huhu :)

Need a deep revision.

Academically of course.

As this is the road we chose to take,

for Islam sake,

insyaAllah ...

(bab ni kakak selalu ingatkan suh betulkan niat belajar..)

Ni ade beberapa link yang boleh membantu, insyaALlah:
1. http://www.emedexpert.com/classes/antibiotics.shtml

2. http://www.pharmacology2000.com/Antibacterial/antibactobj.htm

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporin

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic

p.s : hari ni rindu kat kawan2 rx8.. tu yang banyak mentioned name ntunna di sini...

(bhs sopan.. ;) )

the path we chose..
em korang nampak tak ade bayang2 seorang ahli farmasi muslim kat hujung road yang kita amik tu?
hehe~ (sumber gambar)

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost  Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;  Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,   And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.  I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

نور الهدى إدريس،

الصيدلي وأنسرلله في المستقبل

انشا الله